A battery converts stored chemical energy into electrical energy; ion movement within the battery allows current to flow and perform work.

Porous ceramics are used in filtration, diffusion, separation and purification across medical, mining, oil & gas, alternative energy, emissions control, and other industries.

Pore structure of fuel cell components (membranes, GDLs, separators, electrodes) governs flow and kinetics of physio-chemical processes in the fuel cell.

Hollow Fiber Membranes (HFMs) are artificial membranes with a semi-permeable barrier in hollow-fiber form, developed in the 1960s for reverse osmosis and now used in water treatment, desalination, cell culture, medicine, and tissue engineering.

Nanofiltration and ultrafiltration use membrane filtration for softening and demineralization; PMI's Liquid Liquid Porometer measures pore size as low as 2nm, and Capillary Flow Porometers from 13 nm up to 500 microns.

Nonwoven fabric is made from long fibers bonded by chemical, mechanical, heat, or solvent treatment; increasingly used as an alternative to polyurethane foam.

Permeability and porosity of rock cores are important for well development and identifying sites with high oil/gas recovery rates.

Porosity in paper measures how much a paper surface allows the penetration of a gas or liquid, and is a function of the paper-making process stages.

Surface area, pore size distribution, and absolute density of powder/granule materials are important parameters for drug development.

Tissue engineering combines cells, engineering, and materials methods to improve or replace biological functions, e.g. repairing bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, or muscle.

Desalination removes minerals/salts from saline water; PMI porosity characterization instruments are installed at research centers working in desalination.